Breast Cancer Diagnosis: Everything You Need to Know
The breast cancer diagnosis Early detection is the most crucial step in successfully treating the disease. A tumor that is detected early is usually small, limited, and has not metastasized, which significantly increases the chances of cure.
The diagnosis is based on the combination clinical examination, imaging methods and biopsy, procedure that allows the valid and accurate assessment of the nature of a suspected alteration.
Clinical Breast Examination
The breast palpation by a specialized doctor, as well as self-examination by the woman, help in the early identification of formations or changes, such as:
- Tumors or nodules
- Changes in the skin or nipple
- Swelling in the axillary (armpit) area
The examination is performed with the woman sitting or lying down, with her arms in different positions, in order to properly evaluate the entire breast. Although the clinical examination In itself, it is not enough for diagnosis, it is an essential step in understanding the physiological characteristics of the breast and in identifying changes that require further investigation.
Breast Imaging Evaluation
Digital Mammography
It is the established method of preventive screening for women over 40. Using a low dose of radiation, it records images of each breast from two shots. It detects changes such as:
- Nodules
- Microcalcifications
- Asymmetries
- Architectural distortions
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (3D Mammography)
Newer method with greater accuracy, especially in women with dense breasts. It better detects early lesions, reduces false positives and limits repeat tests. Although it is accompanied by a higher radiation dose and higher cost, It is recommended in many cases as a more effective preventive examination.
Breast Ultrasonography
A non-invasive exam using sound waves to distinguish between solid and cystic lesions.
- First choice for women under 35 years
- Complementary to mammography for women over 40 years
Breast MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
A specialized exam providing highly detailed images of the breast. Indicated:
- When mammogram and ultrasound findings are unclear
- In women with silicone implants
- In women at high risk for breast cancer (e.g., BRCA mutation carriers)
Breast Biopsy: The Definitive Step for Diagnosis
Biopsy involves taking a tissue sample from a suspicious area to be examined under a microscope by a pathologist. It is the only way to confirm whether a lesion is benign or malignant.
If diagnosed cancer, the sample is analyzed for:
- Hormone receptors (ER, PR)
- HER2 expression
- Tumor grade (differentiation level)
- Histological type
This information determines the personalized therapeutic approach.
The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia and is quick and safe. Surgical biopsy (under general anesthesia) is reserved for rare cases.
When to Consult a Specialist
If you notice any changes in the shape, texture, or sensation of your breast, do not ignore the signs. Prevention and early diagnosis save lives.
Breast Aware is Here for You
At breastaware.gr you will find reliable information about the prevention, the diagnosis and management of breast diseases, based on the latest scientific developments. Our goal is to offer you valid information, so that you feel safe and informed about your health.
Bibliography:
- NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology – Breast Cancer
- American Cancer Society – Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines
- EUSOBI Recommendations for Breast Imaging
- Ελληνική Εταιρεία Μαστολογίας
