Galactocele of the Breast: What It Is, How It Is Diagnosed, and How It Is Treated
The galactocele is a benign breast cyst filled with milk, commonly occurring in breastfeeding women. It forms when the milk ducts (small tubes that carry milk to the nipple) become blocked, causing gradual dilation and the formation of a milk-filled cyst. Cases of galactocele have also been reported in women with silicone breast implants, especially following the use of a breast pump.
It's about benign breast lesion that does not increase the risk of cancer, although in rare cases it can become infected and lead to abscess formation.
Symptoms of Galactocele
Women with galactocele typically notice:
- A mobile, soft lump in the breast
- Localized discomfort or mild pain
- A persistent swelling that lasts for weeks or months
How is Galactocele Diagnosed?
The ultrasound It is the imaging examination of first choice during lactation, as it is safe and effective for evaluating dense breasts.
In some cases, the ultrasound image may not be characteristic, and then further testing is required to rule out the possibility of malignancy. Definitive diagnosis is achieved by fine needle aspiration (FNA), during which milk is aspirated and the presence of cancer is ruled out. Fine needle aspiration can also have a therapeutic role, provided that the contents of the cyst are aspirated.
How is Galactocele Treated?
Most galactoceles resolve spontaneously without the need for intervention.
However, when symptoms are significant, such as:
- Large cyst size
- Pain or discomfort
- Development of abscess
the following treatments are recommended:
- Milk pumping through puncture
- Surgical removal of the cyst in cases where suction is not possible and symptoms persist
Proper monitoring and timely treatment of galactocele help maintain breast health and allow safe continuation of breastfeeding.
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- El Hajj H, Eid D, Tohme R, Sleilati F. Galactocele following aesthetic breast augmentation: diagnosis, management, and prevention. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum. 2025 Jan 10;7
- Langer AK. Breast imaging in pregnancy and lactation. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1252:17-25.
- Hassan MJ, Sharma M, Khetrapal S, Khan S, Jetley S. Cytological diagnosis of crystallizing galactocele - report of an unusual case. Breast Dis. 2018;37(3):159-161.
