Specialized Preventive Measures for Breast Cancer
Protective Factors for High-Risk Women
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Although most cases occur in women without a strong family history, some women belong to high-risk groups due to genetic mutations (BRCA1, BRCA2), family history, or individual risk factors.
For these cases, there are specialized preventive interventions with documented efficacy, implemented exclusively after personalized evaluation by a multidisciplinary team (breast surgeon, oncologist, geneticist, psychologist).
- Chemoprevention
The Chemoprevention involves the use of preventive pharmacological agents to reduce breast cancer risk in high-risk women.
The most commonly used medications are:
- Tamoxifen (for premenopausal and postmenopausal women)
- Raloxifene (for postmenopausal women)
The use of these medications can reduce the risk by 30–50%. However, they may cause adverse effects such as hot flashes, increased risk of thromboembolism, or endometrial cancer. The decision should be made in full medical guidance, weighing the benefits and risks.
- Prophylactic Mastectomy
The Prophylactic mastectomy is the surgical removal of both breasts in women with genetic mutations such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.
Surgery can reduce the risk of developing breast cancer by 90–95%. Many women choose this measure as a means of prevention and psychological relief. It is often combined with breast reconstruction, offering improved aesthetic and psychological outcomes.
- Prophylactic Oophorectomy
The Prophylactic removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes (usually laparoscopically) significantly decreases estrogen production, which is implicated in hormone-dependent breast cancer development.
It is indicated for women with BRCA mutations, primarily after completion of childbearing.
The surgery reduces both the risk of breast cance as well as the risk of ovarian cancer. At the same time, it is associated with early menopause and effects such as hot flashes, mood disturbances, reduced bone density, and decreased fertility — therefore requiring multidisciplinary support.
Personalized Prevention: A Powerful Tool
None of the above measures is appropriate for every woman. The individualized prevention is based on comprehensive medical assessment and respect for the woman’s personal choices and values.
If you belong to a high-risk group, do not face it alone. Seek support from a specialized multidisciplinary team and learn about options that could save your life..
Learn More at breastaware.gr
The breastaware.gr is a reliable and contemporary online resource providing information on breast cancer, prevention, and care. With evidence-based content from experts, it empowers every woman to make informed health decisions.
Bibliography:
1.Cuzick J, Sestak I, Bonanni B, et al. Selective oestrogen receptor modulators in prevention of breast cancer: an updated meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet. 2013;381(9880):1827–1834.
2. Rebbeck TR, Kauff ND, Domchek SM. Meta-analysis of risk reduction estimates associated with risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009;101(2):80–87.
3. Domchek SM, Friebel TM, Singer CF, et al. Association of risk-reducing surgery in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers with cancer risk and mortality. JAMA. 2010;304(9):967–975.
